VERB REVIEW

To give you an opportunity to review your knowledge of tenses we will quickly recap some of their most important features:

PRESENT

The French Present tense expresses the following English notions:
 
Je vais.
I go. I am going. I do go.

ÊTRE EN TRAIN DE + INFINITIVE

If you need to STRESS that an action is going on even as you speak, you can use the expression être en train de.
 
Je suis en train d'écrire une lettre à ma mère.
I am writing a letter to my mother.

You can use this expression to refer to past events as well:
 
J'étais en train d'écrire une lettre à ma mère, quand elle a frappé la porte.
I was writing a letter to my mother, when she knocked on the door. 

FUTURE: ALLER + INFINITIVE

The immediate future is generally formed with the verb aller and an infinitive:
 
Je vais faire la vaiselle.
I am going to do the dishes.
Qu'est-ce que vous allez faire ce soir?—Nous allons regarder le match de football.
What are you doing tonight?—We're going to watch the soccer match.

Note that the immediate future can be expressed with a simple progressive ("are you doing") or the progressive of "to go" + infinitive ("we're going to watch"). Even in French it is not always necessary to use aller to express the future—particularly in cases where the main verb is aller:
 
allez-vous ce soir?—Nous allons au cinéma.
Where are you going tonight?—We're going to the movies.

FUTURE

To express events in the more distant future, French uses special Future endings which are added to the infinitive of most verbs. For some verbs, special Future stems exist:
 
Un de ces jours je ferai le tour du monde.
One of these days I'll take a trip around the world.
Dans un an, tout le monde aura un ordinateur.
Within a year everyone will own a computer.

VENIR DE + INFINITIVE

To refer to an event that has just happened, use the venir de + infinitive construction.
 
Monsieur Bernard. Je n'ai toujours pas reçu l'argent que vous me devez.
Mister Bernard. I still have not received the money that you owe me.
—Ne vous inquiétez pas. Je viens de vous envoyer un chèque.
—Don't worry. I've just mailed a check.

PASSÉ COMPOSÉ

This tense is used when you want to express that the event in the past is completed—done and over with. The Passé Composé is formed by combining the Present tense of the helping verbs avoir or être with the Past Participle of the action verb. You can use the Passé Composé to express the following English tenses:
 
Je suis allé trois fois à la bibliothèque cette semaine.
This week I went three times to the library. OR This week I've gone three times to the library.

The Past Participle of verbs ending in –er is formed with –é (e.g., parlé). That of verbs ending in –re is formed with –u (e.g., attendu). Many verbs ending in –ir have a Past Participle ending in –i (e.g., sorti). Some verbs have special Past Participles which need to be memorized.

IMPERFECT

The Imperfect is used when referring to a situation or action that goes on for an undetermined period of time in the past (as in progressive or repetitive actions or in descriptions). Such verbs as être, avoir, vouloir, savoir, and pouvoir are more often used in the Imperfect than in the Passé Composé. The Imperfect corresponds to the English "was... –ing" or "used to...." Consider the following examples:
 
Je pensais à autre chose.
I was thinking about something else. OR: I used to think about something else.
Quand j'étais petit, ma famille passait toutes les vacances à la plage.
When I was little, my family used to spend every vacation on the beach.
Il avait les cheveux longs.
He had long hair.

To form the Imperfect take the Present tense nous form of the verb, remove the ending -ons, and add the Imperfect endings –ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, and –aient. The only verb that does not follow this method of forming the past tense is être (j'étais, etc.).

CONDITIONAL

The Conditional is used to express politeness and "should" in the case of the verb devoir, and is used whenever we use "would" in English. Its stem is the same as that for the Future, its endings are those of the Imperfect.
 
Pourriez-vous ouvrir la fenêtre?
Could you open the window?
Je devrais travailler.
I should be working.
Je dirais qu'il est fou.
I'd say he's crazy.
Si je n'étais pas malade, j'irais danser ce soir.
If I weren't sick, I'd go dancing tonight.

THE PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT

The Plus-que-parfaitPast Perfect is used to express that an action or condition in the past took place BEFORE another action or condition in the past.

The Past Perfect is formed with the helping verb (avoir or être) in the Imperfect + Past Participle:
 
Je n'y avais même pas pensé.
I hadn't even thought of that. Implied: Until you mentioned it just now, I had never thought of it.
Elle s'était levée tôt ce matin-là.
That morning she had gotten up early. Implied: Something happened that morning after she got up.
Je les avais mises sur la table, mais quand je suis rentré elles n'étaient plus là.
I had put them (the keys) on the table, but when I got back they were no longer there.

Putting the keys on the table happens before returning—the two actions cannot overlap.

It is best to review tenses and verb forms frequently.